Governments reported 19.22 kilograms of pure psilocybin made in 2024, excluding mushrooms.

A company in Canada that wants to ship psilocybin to a researcher abroad needs four separate authorisations. Health Canada grants three of them, a Dealer’s Licence, a Drug Establishment Licence and an export permit for each shipment, and the export permit waits on the fourth, an import permit from whichever regulator sits at the other end. That stack comes from the registration statement (opens in new tab) Optimi Health Corp. filed on 13 March 2026, a Form F-1/A.

A prospectus supplement (opens in new tab) filed on 8 December 2023, describing Filament Health Corp., says Health Canada’s list of licensed psilocybin producers “is available upon request to parties interested in access to psilocybin through the SAP or for scientific research”. That is ordinary practice for a controlled drug, and one email from somebody in that audience would turn the list into a count.

The list is not published, though. Health Canada’s own psilocybin page (opens in new tab) prints none and tells practitioners who need a supplier to contact the Special Access Program.

Two American states publish their licence registers. Twenty-one organizations hold 28 production-side licences at Approved or listed across the two: in Colorado, 8 product manufacturer and 14 standard cultivation licences (opens in new tab) on the 5 September 2026 read, and in Oregon, 6 manufacturer licences on the 1 September 2026 read. Each state issues them under its supervised-services programme, never for retail sale.

Counting every status gives 31 organizations, because the wider count takes in withdrawn, pending and denied licences and adds a fourth class, micro cultivation, that the twenty-one leaves out. A state cultivation licence and a federal dealer’s licence are different instruments, so the two cannot be added into one count.

Australia lets a doctor lawfully prescribe psilocybin through a restricted authorised-prescriber pathway, which makes it the obvious place to look for a producer. Its Office of Drug Control answered on a page whose stated last update is 25 July 2023:

The same page sends the rest of the question to the states and territories and to the Therapeutic Goods Administration, which it says does have power to licence the manufacture of psilocybine as a therapeutic good under a Good Manufacturing Practice licence. That is one agency describing its own authority on that date, and it says nothing about who holds an authorisation in Australia today.

In nothing read for this work does a government manufacture psilocybin itself, and this project writes an absence like that only with a positive control on the same document. The Netherlands’ Opium Act supplies one. At articles 8h and 8i (opens in new tab) it has a minister see that enough medicinal cannabis is grown for medical research and for making medicines, and licence only a party the ministry has contracted with. The same Act has no such article for psilocybine, nor for the psilocybin-containing mushrooms that sit on the very schedule cannabis is on, so one legislature built a state supply route for one substance and not the other.

Governments report manufacture to the International Narcotics Control Board (opens in new tab), whose published series has four points: approximately 1 kilogram in 2020, 13 in 2022, 36.10 in 2023 and 19.22 in 2024. No figure is published for 2021, when the Board says only that manufacture changed slightly, and the return does not explain why 2023 ran to nearly twice 2024.

Of the 2024 total, the United Kingdom reported 9.78 kilograms and the United States 9.16, with Canada, Switzerland and Germany reporting a few grams each. The total counts only pure substance under the 1971 Convention, so it excludes every mushroom grown under an American state programme.

The DEA’s aggregate production quota (opens in new tab) for 2026, 50,000 grams of psilocybin and 80,000 of psilocyn, measures something else. A quota is a ceiling for one country in one year, while an INCB return is an actual, across the world, in a different year, so dividing one by the other produces nothing.

In March 2025 the National Institutes of Health bought GMP psilocybin synthesis from Benuvia Operations, LLC, on a task order (opens in new tab) that obligated US$789,896.88. That company is on no row of our own organization register, so the United States government found a manufacturer we had missed, by buying from one.