1. What the law is
Same organism, two legal fates. The mushroom was banned in December 2008 by an Opium Act amendment that reaches the fruiting body; the sclerotium, sold as a truffle, was never written into the Act at all. Truffles are therefore lawful by omission rather than by exemption, and Dutch smart shops sell them openly under ordinary retail and food-safety rules, not under a drug license.
2. Trials in the Netherlands
Interventional psilocybin trials with at least one site in the Netherlands, as their sponsors filed them with ClinicalTrials.gov, EU CTIS and ISRCTN. Each row links to the registry record, which sets out who may take part.
Recruiting or opening counts trials recruiting now, not yet recruiting, or enrolling by invitation. Closed counts trials terminated, suspended, withdrawn or left unverified by their sponsors.
| Registry ID | Trial | Phase | Sponsor | Status | Start date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07792538 | Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Veterans With PTSD (opens in new tab)Site at ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre / ARQ Centrum'45, Oegstgeest | Phase Phase 2 | Sponsor ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre | Status Not yet recruiting | Start date |
| 2024-516936-93-02 | Soothing Pain After ChEmotherapy: Psilocybin As INtervention (SPACE-PAIN); a randomized controlled pilot trial (opens in new tab)Site at VUmc Stichting, Amsterdam | Phase Not stated | Sponsor Amsterdam UMC | Status Authorised | Start date |
| NCT06782724 | Psilocybin Therapy for Psychological Distress in Palliative Patients (opens in new tab)Recruiting at University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen | Phase Phase 2 | Sponsor University Medical Center Groningen | Status Authorised | Start date |
| NCT06368492 | The Impact of Psilocybin on Pain in Fibromyalgia Patients (opens in new tab)Recruiting in Leiden and Maastricht | Phase Not applicable | Sponsor Maastricht University | Status Authorised | Start date |
| 2023-505268-12-00 | A Phase III, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, controlled study to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of two initial administrations of COMP360 in participants with treatment-resistant depression (opens in new tab)Sites in Groningen, Leiden, Utrecht | Phase Not stated | Sponsor Compass Pathfinder Limited | Status Authorised | Start date |
| NCT05711940 | Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Two Administrations of COMP360 in Participants With TRD (opens in new tab)Sites in Groningen, Leiden, Utrecht | Phase Phase 3 | Sponsor COMPASS Pathways | Status Active, not recruiting | Start date |
| NCT04519957 | Long Term Follow Up Study to COMP 001 And COMP 003 Trials (P-TRD LTFU) (opens in new tab)Site at Groningen University Medical Centre, Groningen | Phase Not stated | Sponsor COMPASS Pathways | Status Completed | Start date |
| NCT03775200 | The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants With Treatment Resistant Depression (opens in new tab)Sites in Groningen, Leiden, Utrecht | Phase Phase 2 | Sponsor COMPASS Pathways | Status Completed | Start date |
ClinicalTrials.gov data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. History
The legal events behind this entry, dated and oldest first. Our own reviews and corrections are listed under Changes to this record.
Legal status takes effect.
4. Proposed laws
No proposed law is on file in the Netherlands that would change this entry, as of the 28 Sep 2026 review.
5. Common questions
Is psilocybin legal in the Netherlands?
Psilocybin is legal in the Netherlands. Truffles only; mushrooms prohibited since 2008.
Are magic mushrooms ("shrooms") legal in the Netherlands?
"Magic mushrooms" and "shrooms" are common names for fungi that contain psilocybin, and this entry states the law on psilocybin itself, which some laws treat separately from the fungus. Psilocybin is legal in the Netherlands. Truffles only; mushrooms prohibited since 2008.
Read the law
Opium Act (Opiumwet): psilocin and psilocybin on List I; hallucinogenic mushrooms added to List II by decree Staatsblad 2008, 486, effective December 1, 2008. Sclerotia (truffles) are not listed and remain lawful products.1
Sources
This entry's status is checked against the primary sources below, and the methodology explains how each entry is graded for confidence.
- 1.Government of the Netherlands.Government of the Netherlands (opens in new tab) · wetten.overheid.nl
- 2.zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl (opens in new tab) · zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl
This entry is for information only and is not legal or medical advice. Laws change, and enforcement can differ from the letter of the law, so check the current position against the primary sources above before relying on it.
Changes to this record
4 changes on file, the latest on . Show allHide
Every change we have made to this record, dated, corrections included. Nothing changes silently.
The Netherlands entry was read against the newest version of the Opium Act, in force since 17 September 2026. That amendment added three synthetic stimulants to List I. Mushrooms stay banned, and truffles still appear nowhere in the Act.
The Netherlands entry no longer says truffles are sold in licensed smart shops or that they were explicitly excluded from the 2008 ban. The Opium Act contains no smart-shop licence and never mentions truffles at all, so they fall outside it rather than being carved out of it.
The Netherlands entry was checked again against a newer version of the Opium Act. Mushrooms are still banned and truffles still are not in the Act at all, which is why they remain lawful. Two amendments this year touched other articles.
The Netherlands entry now points at the Dutch legal texts themselves, after the government link it had been citing stopped working. Truffles are unaffected, and a viral claim about a January 2026 mushroom fine was checked and found to be false.
Psilocybin Media Group. "Netherlands: psilocybin legal status." The Psilocybin Record, accession NL-001, version of 28 Sep 2026. https://psilocybinlegalization.com/record/netherlands